Synthesis and Characterization of a Lemongrass Oil Emulsion Formulation incorporating Alumina Nanoparticles for activity against Streptococcus mutans Isolated from Dental Caries Banerjee Kaushita1, Saha Gourav1, Sahoo Pitambar1, Chattaraj Sourav1, Dhamodhar P2, Thiagarajan Padma1,* 1School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 2Department of Biotechnology, MS Ramaiah Institite of Technology, Bengaluru, India *Corresponding Author E-mail: padmadk4@gmail.com
Online published on 16 June, 2020. Abstract Caries is a multifactorial infection that can be caused by Streptococcus mutans. This bacteria is responsible for the formation of oral biofilms and incorporates properties that is conducive for its survival in hostile oral environments. Long-term adverse effects like hypersensitivity reactions, supra-infections and teeth staining coupled with the risk of resistance-development limit use of chemical preparations and antibiotics for caries prevention. Hence plant-based formulations with substantial antimicrobial and anti-cariogenic properties, could serve as alternatives for caries prevention. In this study, a Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) oil-in-water emulsion with Tween80/Span80 was formulated and favorably characterized using particle size (252.3±1.15nm with polydispersity index of 0.111± 0.01), FTIR and AFM analyses and stability studies. Its MIC and the MIC of alumina nanoparticles against cultures and isolates of Streptococcus mutans was around 600ppm. However, with the alumina nanoparticle loaded emulsion, the MIC was observed at a much lower concentration of around 400ppm. This nanoparticle incorporated emulsion was also able to inhibit the biofilm formation, with the time kill assay showing a decrease in cell numbers within 60 to 120 minutes post incubation. Alumina incorporated lemon grass oil emulsion may thus to prevent dental caries induced by Streptococcus mutans. Top Keywords Lemon grass oil, emulsion, dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, alumina nanoparticles. Top |