Bioactive properties and anti-diabetic potential of black jamun (Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels) pulp and seed extracts Ishartati Erny1,*, Sufianto1, Rohman Saefur1, Sukardi2 1Department of Agrotechnology, Muhammadiyah University of Malang, Jl. Raya Tlogomas No. 246 Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia, 65144 2Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Muhammadiyah University of Malang, Jl. Raya Tlogomas No. 246 Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia, 65144 *Corresponding author e-mail: ishartati.erny@gmail.com
Online Published on 16 August, 2022. Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an emerging non-communicable disease in Indonesia with 10 million sufferers and the number is predicted to double in the next decade. Current anti-diabetic drugs are thought to possess serious side effects in long term use hence the quest for alternative therapy is critical particularly on plants-based medication which is safer and equal in efficacy. Black jamun (Syzygium cumini) has been long used in folk medicine to treat diabetes. This paper assessed black jamun bioactive properties and its potential as a therapeutic agent for treating diabetes. Black jamun pulp and fruits were extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The bioactive properties assayed were total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC), DPPH scavenging and anti-diabetic α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition. The results showed that black jamun seed extracts had higher TPC and TFC compared to the pulp. Meanwhile, both black jamun seed and pulp extracts were equal in total DPPH scavenged. The highest TPC and TFC was 1.537 mg GAE/g and 7.240 mg QE/g observed in ethyl acetate and n-hexane extract of the seed. The highest DPPH scavenge activity was 492.17 ug/ml in ethyl acetate extract of the pulp. In terms of anti-diabetic activities, both pulp and seed extracts showed equal efficacy. The highest IC50 value of α-amylase were 75.85 and 74.72 mg/ml and α-glucosidase were 55.79 and 59.85 mg/ml corresponded to the pulp and seed extract, respectively. Compared to gallic acid, α-amylase inhibition was 36.36% higher; yet, compared to acarbose, α-glucosidase inhibition was 63.40% lower. Overall, these results denoted the potential of black jamun to use as therapeutic agent to treat diabetes. Top Keywords Black jamun, Phenolics, Flavonoids, Antioxidant, Anti-diabetic. Top |