Effect of organic manuring and nitrogen fertilization on productivity, nutrient-use efficiency and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum) Singh Ravindra1, Agarwal S.K. Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Charon Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004 1Present address: Project Directorate for Cropping Systems Research, Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh 250 110
Abstract A field experiment was carried out during the winter (rabi) season of 1996–97 and 1997–98 on sandy-loam soils of Hisar. Haryana, to study the effect of organic (FYM@0, 10, 20 and 30 tonnes/ha) and inorganic (N @ 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg/ha) and 1 recommended fertility level of 120 kg N + 26.2 kg P + 25 kg ZnSO4/ha) sources of N on productivity, profitability, optimum dose of N and its use efficiency in wheat (Triticum aestivum L emend. Fiori & Paol.). Application of recommended fertility level along with 10 tonnes FYM/ha resulted significantly higher grain yield, N, P and K uptake by 9.0, 11.0, 21.6 and 9.87% compared with recommended fertility level alone and by 4.0, 2.0, 7.8 and 7.6% as compared with 10 tonnes FYM/ha along with 180 kg N/ha. Application of 10, 20 and 30 tonnes FYM/ha enhanced the agronomic efficiency by 4.4, 7.1, 7.9 kg grain added/kg N; apparent recovery of N by 10.6, 19.3, 21.5% and partial factor productivity of N by 4.4, 7.1, 7.9 kg grain/kg N compared with no FYM. Increasing levels of N from 60 to 120, 180 kg N/ha and recommended fertility level reduced the agronomic efficiency, apparent recovery of N and partial factor productivity of N; however, the reduction was low at recommended fertility level. Highest physiological efficiency of N (41.1), P (213.9) and K (39.9) was recorded at 60 kg N/ha, which was decreased by 2.3 kg grain/kg N absorbed, 14.1 kg grain/kg P absorbed and 5.4 kg grain/kg K absorbed at recommended fertility level as compared with 60 kg N/ha. Optimum dose of N with 10 tonnes FYM/ha was 135.6 kg N/ha for wheat. Application of 10 tonnes FYM/ha substituted 34.1 kg N requirement compared to without FYM. Application of 10 tonnes FYM and 180 kg N/ha recorded higher net returns of Rs 9,294 and Rs 12,519/ha with the highest benefit: cost ratio of 1.92 and 2.13 respectively. Top Keywords Nitrogen, Farmyard manure, Nutrient-use efficiency, Yield, Optimum N dose, Net returns, Benefit: cost ratio. Top |