Patterns and Drivers of Dairy Development in India: Insights from Analysis of Household and District-level Data Kishore Avinasha,*, Birthal Pratap S.b, Joshi P.K.a, Shah Tushaarc, Saini Abhishekd aInternational Food Policy Research Institute, South Asia Office, NASC Complex, Pusa, New Delhi-110 012 bNational Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, Pusa, New Delhi-110 012 cInternational Water Management Institute, ‘Jal Tarang’, Near Smruti Apartment, Anand-388 001, Gujarat dIndependent Consultant, New Delhi *Author for correspondence Email: avinash.kishore@gmail.com
JEL Classification: Q12, O18, P25 Online published on 1 July, 2016. Abstract Traditionally, Indian farmers kept bovines, especially cattle, for draught purposes in agriculture and transportation with milk as an adjunct. However, with increasing farm mechanization and rising demand for milk, the bovine functions have shifted more towards dairying. While bovine population has been increasing, the chronic scarcity of feed and fodder reinforces the need for optimization of bovine population for sustainable growth of dairying. In this paper, using district-level data from 1997 to 2007, we show that this transformation from draught to dairying is underway in some parts of the country, and further using household-level data, we find that smallholders have contributed disproportionately more to this transformation. This transformation or intensification of dairying is demand-driven with urbanization having a strong positive influence on dairy development. On the supply-side, factors like farm mechanization, improved access to groundwater irrigation and crop diversification away from cereals, are associated with a shift in the bovine economy from draught to dairying. Top Keywords Dairy development, smallholders, urbanization, mechanization, crop diversification. Top |